In recent years, calls to decolonise global health have gained traction, driven by renewed attention to historical inequities rooted in colonial legacies. Yet the current discourse remains selective and conceptually reductive, overlooking key structural and geopolitical dimensions. Examining the socio-political and economic legacy of colonialism reveals three critical gaps, notably the marginalisation of Latin American perspectives. First, decolonisation efforts often reflect a Eurocentric view shaped by Anglophone scholars from the Global North, neglecting internal colonialism and the role of domestic elites in sustaining neocolonial dependencies. Second, the discourse remains heavily Anglo-Saxon in orientation, sidelining diverse regions, epistemologies and ethnic perspectives. Third, the intersection of race, capitalism and colonialism receives insufficient attention, particularly the framework conditions set by a neoliberal, increasingly feudalist global economic order that reproduces health inequalities. This review calls for critical reassessment of dominant paradigms and systemic transformation: greater attention to internal colonialism, inclusion of marginalised voices, and action on the structural and commercial drivers of health inequality.
